Martin Luther King Qualities - 1327 Words

Intelligent and his incredible actions made Martin Luther King to become a great leader in civil rights movement. Martin Luther King was a social activist and Baptist minister who led the civil rights movement from the mid-1950s to 1960s. According to the website called Martin Luther King Jr.-Biography, Martin Luther king was graduated from high school when he was fifteen. After getting his B. A. Degree from Morehouse, the B. D. from Crozer and then he got his doctor’s degree from Boston University. This shows that Martin Luther King was an intelligent guy who graduated school early then normal people. This makes Martin Luther King to great leader because first things that you need to be a great leader is intelligent mind. This is†¦show more content†¦That is why Martin Luther King led the Montgomery Bus Boycott. Therefore, Martin Luther King’s intelligent mind and his first action made him the great leader. Malcolm X’s poor childhood and his brother inf luence him to become the leader of civil rights movement. Malcolm X was a minister and human rights activist who spokesman for the Nation of Islam during the 1950s and 1960s. According to the website called An Abridged Biography of Malcolm X, â€Å" his father, Earl Little, was an outspoken Baptist minister and avid supporter of Black Nationalist leader Marcus Garvey.† One day, Earl was kidnapped by white organization when Malcolm X was very young, and two years later, Earl’s body was found. Police said that it was accident, but Malcolm X’s mother were certain that it was not accident, and she knew that member of the Black Legion were responsible for this action. After few years later, Malcolm X went to jail. Then his brother visited him in jail and he explained Malcolm X about Islam religion and organization called the Nation of Islam (NOI). According to the website called An Abridged Biography of Malcolm X, â€Å"the Nation of Islam fought for separate one in habited by white people.† After Malcolm X’s brother told him about it, he started study about it, and he realized that black people need to separate from white people because white people destroyed his life. That is why he became a leader and fought for civil rights. The database calledShow MoreRelatedDr. Martin Luther King Jr.1410 Words   |  6 PagesDr. Martin Luther King Jr. is a well noted American leader, who is known primarily for his role in the African-American civil rights movement of the 20th century in USA. He is often regarded as a champion of human rights and considered to be not only associated with the cause of racial discrimination against the African-Americans, but also with other social causes relating to injustice, unfairness and discrimination in the American society. He also holds the privilege of being the youngest ever personRead MoreA Cry For Justice By Martin Luther King Jr.1581 Words   |  7 Pagesethos, logos and pathos. Martin Luther King Jr. executed a monumental movement in the United States. Supporting the minority group, and acting as a voice for the people. King firmly believed in what the declaration of independence had to say about the rights of men all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness (1). (Declaration of independence) Not only was king upset about the conditionRead MoreThe Civil Right Movement : History1705 Words   |  7 Pagesequality was not granted by the white people. Essentially, the Civil Rights Movement was an important time during the 1950’s and 1960’s that helps eliminated segregation and gain equal rights for all African American citizens. Many leaders such as Martin Luther King, Rosa parks, Malcom X, and Andrew Goodman put themselves at risk. Their effort and commitment ended the discrimination against black African Americans, and finally gain freedom and e quality. To begin with, the Jim Crow was a system of segregationRead MoreMalcolm X And Langston Hughes Essay898 Words   |  4 PagesFor the whole of America’s existence, its citizens have exhibited miscellaneous personalities and life choices. Quality examples of this diversity is easily seen in the nation’s literature.   America’s foundation was made of rebels and revolutionists who weren’t happy about the relationship they had with England. Through perseverance and unlikely partnerships, America was able to rise and become a country. The citizens that emerged from this long and hard process had all kinds of mixed perspectivesRead MoreThe Importance Of Disobeying The Law Can Never Be Justified1297 Words   |  6 Pagesit should be considered justifiable when disobeyed. The notion in forming a society is to preserve freedom and security, without these qualities, than society would be likely to fail. This is how revolutions began by starting with disobyeing th e law, and if the outcome of such act benefits towards human progress, than it is most indeed justifiable. Martin Luther King Jr., and Howard Zinn both demonstrate the justification that disobeying certain laws are called unjust laws. Their are certain lawsRead MoreMartin Luther Kings Letter From Birmingham Jail1707 Words   |  7 PagesJail (1963) Martin Luther King Jr., makes stretched out implications to various logicians, among them Aquinas and Socrates. His correlation would appear to show that he imparts a liking to them. In any case, the clearness with which he makes his contentions and the commitment to a solitary start strikes most firmly of Kant. Similarly, as Kant s artful culmination, Critique of Pure Reason, endeavored to totally overturn a formerly acknowledged method of thought, so likewise was King s work gaveRead MoreEleanor Roosevelt And Martin Luther King Jr.1057 Words   |  5 PagesRoosevelt and Martin Luther King Jr. Despite their difference in gender and race and didn t have political experiences. Martin Luther King Jr. was an African-American, Baptist minister, who was born on January 15, 1968. He lead the civil rights movement. Eleanor Roosevelt, who was born on October 11, 1884, was an influential a First Lady. She was a great social reformer and she was a beyond educated well and came from her wealthy family as well. Both had successful leadership qualities: empathy, conceptualizationRead MoreThe Success Of Michael Jordan1313 Words   |  6 PagesMichael Jordan is one of the most successful athletes in professional sports history. People perceive his success by idealizing his athletic abilities and all of his accomplishments on the basketball court. What they fail to realize are all of his qualities that enabled him to leave the legacy we are all familiar with. In high school Michael was described as a goofy kid. At the time, he was not blessed with the genetics that most NBA players had. No one in his family was over six foot tall. His motherRead MoreDr. Martin Luther King Jr.916 Words   |  4 PagesDr. Martin Luther King Jr. left a legacy behind like no man before him; his presence was one that completely reshaped the nation. Through his role in the advanc ement of civil rights by utilizing non-violent methods, he was able to break down the racial barriers built by prejudice and discrimination. Many of his ideals and principles are timeless. His widespread vision is still applied to resolve many issues in today’s society. The six principals of nonviolence from Dr. King are great tools toRead MoreMartin Luther King s Philosophy Of Nonviolence1649 Words   |  7 Pageswould likely not fully understand how to practice nonviolence. Martin Luther King may go down as one of the greatest moral giants in history, and created a doctrine that could be common law towards all people. He revise and expands a universal principle of nonviolence that if everyone followed could potentially create a world of peace and liberty. His conviction to overcome racial bias to allow people of all colors to live in any quality of life that he or she should like to aspire to. This was such

Technology vs. Values Environment Free Essays

Technology is what governs the aspect of being judged as a developed nation or country. To determine the effect that technology has on the true evolution of a society needs to be considered from two angles. First and foremost technological innovation is what brings about progress. We will write a custom essay sample on Technology vs. Values Environment or any similar topic only for you Order Now Technological advancements take place when a society needs to make their living more comfortable and safe. This brings up the other point handling technology, the second aspect. Mans needs and wants are rarely distinguishable. It happens quite often that man cannot outline his basic needs and requirements due to which the technology developed are not in sync with their values and cultures. Technological advancements affect all three spheres of a society- social, political economical. Therefore over-indulgence in technological progress will indeed lead to the neglect of social, economic and political values. Excess of everything is bad. To begin with technological progress is extremely costly and requires a very large investment. Large investments in this field would require the fiscal resources allotted to education and removal of poverty in developing nations especially to be decreased. An example of this scenario is the Indian National Congress. The INC made the nuclear deal with the USA. Despite the help being provided by the USA, India will still have to make large investments in setting up large nuclear plants equipment. Such investments will be made in the light, that even today majority of the population is illiterate and lives below the poverty line. Apart from people, persistent technological development poses a grave threat to environment. The present situation of global warming is completely attributed to mindless technological development. The extensive power consumption by factories in the USA is a matter of great contention in the United Nations, as it is a major contributor to global warming. Technology empowers us, true. But with great power, comes great responsibility! How to cite Technology vs. Values Environment, Essays

Renaissance Art Essay Example For Students

Renaissance Art Essay As we move into the Renaissance period, artists of the fifteenth-century represented a variety of textures, shapes, and spaces that they experienced around them in their lives. They developed a style of painting called linear perspective which would allow them to reflect simulations of three-dimensional forms arranged in space. This would give the painting a depth and realism not seen until now in the different eras. There was a heavy emphasis placed on the realistic portrait-like paintings giving a life-like sense to the images. This Humanist style of painting placed retreat value on science reason, and the individual while keeping an unwavering religious faith style. One of the techniques developed in Northern Europe was oil painting, unlike the Italian artist, the northern artists painted in oil on canvas. Oil paint takes much longer to dry allowing the painter time to easily make changes. The long drying process would allow the paint to dry smooth erasing the brush strokes. More importantly, oil paint is translucent when applied in thin layers, known as glazes. This method of built up glazes would let the light penetrate to the lower areas and then reflect back which would create the appearance of an interior glow, giving viewers the illusion that they were looking at real objects rather than painted imitations. Italian artists favored tempera, the method of suspending powered pigments in oils like linseed or sometimes walnut. One large difference from the Northern oils was that tempera had to be precisely applied as it dried almost immediately. Also, tempera has an opaque finish which did not allow light to penetrate to the lower layers not allowing the reflections, this resulted in a matte or dull finish unless a layer f varnish is applied to give the painting a sheen. As we notice in figure 12-4 below, we see that the artists stay with some of the Christian features so well known in the Gothic and Romanesque periods except for a much more real or life-like detail. The patrons who funded this pious donation appear on the outside of the polyphonys shutters, much brighter than the rest of the images in the otherwise sober painting, which is only visible when in the closed position. When in the open position however, the upper seven panels are vibrant and colorful depicting God, Mary, John the Baptist, angelic musical ensembles, and ending tit Adam and Eve shown in startlingly lifelike nudes. The lower five panels are shown in almost amazing realistic images of meadows, woods cities and a diverse mixture of apostles, saints, confessors, virgins, martyrs, hermits, pilgrims Assemble to adore the Lamb of God as described in the book of Revelation. Fig. 12-4 (Closed) Fig. 12-4 (open) Italian painters and artists aimed at achieving lifelike figures like their counterparts in the north but focusing on idealized figures in three-dimensional forms set within a rationally organized space using linear perspective. If we look at fugue 12-7, we see the lifeli ke images of Mary, Joseph adoring the newborn Jesus with a host of angels sympathetic expressions on the faces of the on lookers. Fig. 12-7 During this time in the Renaissance era, southern Europe rebirths the nude in the artworks as was a normal in early Greek art. Figure 13-11 below, Michelangelo David, the fugue embodies the antique ideal of the athletic male, the facial expression on the other hand is a stark difference from the earlier arts showing emotional power and a concentrated glaze. Looking at figure 13-12, The Creation of Adam, Michelangelo captures the instance when god tasks him with the spark of life. The facial expressions and the body interaction are extremely evolved from the earlier Greek works and exhibits a more humanistic appearance. Figure 13-10, Interior, Sistine Chapel, Michelangelo painted images depicting the sincere empathetic expressions so well known to the Italian Classicism of Southern Europe. Fig. 13-9 Fig. 13-10 Fig. 13-12 The relationship between the artist and patron appears to have been somewhat comparable to what [the relationship between a ball player and his/her agent. The patron more often than not would be the subject of the painting.

Truss Essays - Structural System, Truss Bridges, Trusses, Mechanics

Truss The definition of a truss is any of various structural frames based on the geometric rigidity of the triangle and composed of straight members subject only to longitudinal compression, tension, or both: functions as a beam or cantilever to support bridges, roofs, etc. Trusses are the most commonly used structural device used in architecture today. Trusses are used in almost every thing they are in your attic, barns, buildings, and bridges. A truss is used in architecture and engineering, it is a supporting structure made of beams, girders, or rods usually made of steel or wood. A truss usually takes the form of a triangle or combination of triangles, this design is capable of carrying large amounts of weight. Trusses are used for large spans and heavy loads, especially in bridges and roofs. Their open construction is lighter than a beam structured platform but is just as strong. The parts of a truss are the tie-beams, posts, rafters, and struts; the distance over which the truss exte nds is called the span. A truss is formed by connecting the ends of straight pieces of metal or wood to form a series of triangles lying in a single plane. A truss is based on the fact that a triangle is a configuration that cannot collapse or change its shape unless the length of one of the sides is changed. The two most commonly used truss designs are the Howe and Warren trusses. In 1806 the first patented bridge system, the Burr arch truss was used in the US. The Town truss was invented in 1820, in 1840 the Howe truss was invented, and in 1841 the bowstring was invented it was a breakthrough in engineering design. The Pratt and Warren trusses were invented between 1838 and 1844. The first trusses were made of wood and used for building homes and roofs. During the 18th and early 19th centuries cast and wrought iron were used, mostly in the construction of railroad bridges. Later in the 19th century steel became the most used truss material. Trusses are used also for the constructi on of iron-frame industrial buildings and in roof and floor systems. They are also used in the construction of certain industrial machines, such as cranes, lifts, and in the design of aircraft and automobile frames. Two types of trusses are the Howe and Warren trusses, Warren trusses are more efficient than Howe trusses in carrying a load considering the weight of material used in the construction of the truss. The optimum ratio of height to span length is anywhere between 0.23 and 0.41 for Howe trusses, and 0.16 and 0.39 for Warren trusses. The Pratt and the Warren were simple skeletal forms that adapted well to iron and eventually to steel that is why they are two of the most popular trusses used today. Trusses are very important in today's world they help us cross huge bodies of water, they hold the roof up over our heads, and they allow cranes to be able to support huge amounts of weight when building giant skyscrapers. The fact is the invention of the truss is just as important as the invention of the wheel. Life would be very difficult without trusses.

Business Leaders of Pakistan Essay Example

Business Leaders of Pakistan Essay Example Business Leaders of Pakistan Essay Business Leaders of Pakistan Essay who in their capacity as a personal friends offered their expertise as an assistant editors, especially Syed Muhammad Tahir who researched and wrote special chapter on Holy Prophet (PBUH) as an Entrepreneur. The eagle-eyed professionalism and humorous touch shown towards keeping the momentum going with my entire team proved to be of great support during the long months of seeing his book through the press. I would also like to express my heartfelt gratitude to the executive committee which comprises people who have always been with me through all rough and rocky times, and have helped transform this idea into reality. People like Mr. Ahmed Husnain, Mr. Kamran Rizvi, Mr. Arif Ansari, Mr. Ahmed Qureshi, Mr. Rizwan Ali Shah, Mr. Atif Tufail, and Mr. Danish Shehryar are the real strength behind every success that has been achieved so far. Here, I am forever grateful to the contributors and writers; without their valuable input, the flesh of the book would have gone amiss. We all know that in the hectic routine of todays life, it is very difficult to take out time even for oneself, but they somehow managed to do so, and it means a lot to the Manager Today team. After all this, I present to you the hard work of all those who have been mentioned and also those who, though, could not be a part of this page but deep down in their hearts, know the value of their participation. Manager Today Read me First: MAD (Make A Difference! ) ix MANAGER TODAYS THE Journey CONTINUES! x prophet Muhammad (PBUH) AS AN ENTREPRENEUR LEADER xvii Business Leaders, Entrepreneurs, PRESIDENTS CEOS . ABDUL RAZAK DAWOOD (Chan-man, Descon) 2 2. ABRAR HASAN (CEO, National Foods)9 3. ADIL NAJAM (Vice Chancellor, LUMS) 15 4. ADNAN SIDDIQUI (country 6M, Pakistan Afghanistan 18M) 21 5. AFTAB TAPAL (Chairman, Tapal)28 6. AHMAD HASNAIN (CEO, Allied Marketing Pvt. Ltd. ) 33 7. AHMED ATEEQ (CEO, pnmus Investment Management Ltd) 39 8. AHMED KHIZER KHAN (President CEO, sank) 47 9. AHSAN IQBAL (MNA, Chairman, setter Pakistan Foundation) 54 10. ALI ANSARI (President CEO, Engro Corporation) 60 11. ALMAS HYDER (CEO, spel Group) 68 12. AMBER SAIGOL (Chairperson, Dawn Media Group) 73 13. AMEENA SAIYID OBE (MD, oxford university press) 80 14. AQEEL KARIM DHEDHI (Chan-man, AKD Ltd. ) 85 15. ARIF HABIB (Chan-man CEO, Artf Habib Group) 91 16. ASAD ALI KHAN (President, AbacusConsulting) 99 17. ASAD MUKHTAR (Chan-man CEO, Banu Mukhtar contracting (PVt) Ltd. ) 106 18. ASAD UMAR (Political Leader, PTI / Ex-President, Engro Corporation Ltd. ) 111 19. ASIF JOOMA (CEO, Pakistan Lit-nited) 116 20. ATIF BAJWA (President CEO, sank Alfalah Ltd. ) 122 21 . AZHAR UL HASSAN (CEO, KAN Engtneenng services) 129 22. CHAUDHRY FAISAL MUSHTAQ Tl (CEO, Roots Millennium schools) 134 23. CHAUDHRY M. NAWAZ CHATTHA (Chan-man, Gourmet Foods) 144 24. DR MOHAMMAD AMJAD (Chan-man, Eden Housing Developer) 148 25. DR. MIRZA IKHTIAR BAIG (Chan-man, Batg Group) 152 26. DR. MUHAMMAD AMJAD SAQIB (Chan-man, Akhuwat) 158 27. FAISAL AFRIDI (President CEO, Ruba SEZ Group) 161 28. GHAZANFAR AZZAM (President CEO, waseela Microfinance sank) 168 29. HAJI MUHAMMAD YASIN (Chan-man, Eastern products) (Vital Tea)174 30. HASAN SOHAIB MURAD (Rector, IJMT) 179 31 . HUSSAIN DAWOOD (Chan-man, Dawood Hercules corporation) 186 32. IMRAN KHAN (Chairman, Pakistan Tehreek -e- Insaaf) 191 33. IQBAL AHMED QARSHI (Chan-man, Qarshi Industries) 196 4. IRFAN SIDDIQUI (President CEO, Meezan sank ltd. ) 202 35. IRSHAD ALI S. KASSIM (Chan-man, Karam, Group) 207 JAHANGIR SIDDIQUI (Chan-man, JS Group) 218 38. JAMSHAID IQBAL CHEEMA (Chan-man, Aunga Group) 225 39. JUNAID IQBAL (CEO, Elixir securities) 230 40. KAMAL A. CHINOY (CEO, Pakistan cables / president, MAP) 236 41. KASHIF MATEEN ANSARI (CEO, SACHAL Energy Development) 241 42. KASHIF SAJJAD SHEIKH (MD, CCL Pharmaceuticals)247 43. KHAWAJA SHAHZEB AKRAM (CEO, Pharma Health Pakistan) 251 44. KHAWAR JAMAL (CEO, Mall Pakistan Mobil) 258 45. KHAWAR M. BUTT (MD, English Biscuit Manufacturers) 265 46. M. HAROON QASSIM (MD, PharmEvo (PVt. ) Ltd. ) 270 47. M. RAFIQUDDIN MEHKARI (President, Askan sank Ltd. ) 277 48. M. GHALIB NISHTAR (President, Khushhali sank Ltd. ) 283 49. MAJ (R) JAZ MUHAMMAD KHAN (Chan-man, Ali Akbar Group. ) 28950. MIAN MUHAMMAD MANSHA (Chan-man, Nishat Group MCB)294 51 . MOHAMMAD MASUD AKHTAR (CEO, KSB pumps company Ltd. ) 301 52. MOHAMMAD SHAHID HUSSAIN (CEO, General Tyre) 306 53. MOHAMMAD ZUBAIR MOTIWALA (Chan-man, Sindh Board of Investment) 313 54. MOIN A. MALIK (CEO, Agility Logistics) 318 55. MUHAMMAD ALI TABBA (CEO, Lucky cement Ltd. ) 324 56. MUHAMMAD FARID ALAM (CEO, AKD securities Ltd) 331 7. MUHAMMAD NADEEM KHAN (CEO, Razztq Intl. )337 58. MUHAMMAD NADIM KHAN (CEO Islamabad Chapter MAAKSONS) 344 59. MOHAMMAD QAWUM (MD, Bata Pakistan) 349 60. MUHAMMAD SALEEM AHMAD RANJHA (Founding Director, AKHUWAT 354 61. MUNEER FAROOQUI (CEO, wand Telecom Pakistan) 361 62. NADEEM HUSSAIN (Founder, CEO / president -rameer Microfinance sank) 368 63. NAEEM ZAMINDAR (CEO, wateen) 372 64. NASEER A. AKHTAR (President CEO, Infotech) 378 65. NASIR J. CHOWDHRY (MD, Medtpak Ltd. ) 384 66. NASREEN KASUR (Chairperson, Beaconhouse school system) 387 67. NINA AKBAR (CEO, sukh Chan wellness Club) 392 68. RAFIQ RANGOONWALA (CEO, KFC cupola) 396 69. RASHID MANSUR (CEO,JS investments Ltd. ) 403 70. RIFFAT MUSHTAQ (Aizaz e Fazeelat) Founder Chairperson Roots School System) 410 71 . RIZWAN U. KHAN (General Manager, Coca Cola, Pakistan Afghanistan) 415 72. ROSHANEH ZAFAR (Founder Managing Director, Kashf Foundation) 421 73. S. MASOOD HASHMI (President CEO, ORIENTt-n Mccann president MAP) 42674. S. M. MUNEER (Chan-man Din Group of Industries, Vice chairman MCB) 431 75. SAAD AMANULLAH KHAN (CEO, Gillette Pakistan Ltd) 436 76. SALIM GHAURI (Chan-man CEO, Netsol Technologies Ltd. paktstan)442 77. SAQIB HAMDANI (CEO, -rcs Pvt. Ltd. ) 448 78. SARMAD A ALI (MD, Jang Media Group) 455 79. SARTAJ AZIZ (VC, Beaconhouse National university / Ex-Federal Minister) 46080. SEEMA AZIZ (Founder, Chairperson, CARE Foundation/ SEAM) 465 81 . SHABEEH 82. SHAHZAD MALIK (CEO, Master Group of companies) 475 83. SHAUKAT TARIN, s. l, Advisor Silk sank (Former, Finance Mintster)481 84. SHAZAD G. DADA (CEO, Barclays sank PIO 486 85. SIKANDAR MUSTAFA KHAN (Chan-man, Millat Group of companies) 49086. SIKANDER SULTAN (Chan-man, Shan Foods) 495 87. SIRAJUDDIN AZIZ (President CEO, Habib Metropolitan sank) 50088. SOHAIL WAJAHAT H. SIDDIQUI (Ex. Chatrman pso / Federal Minister) 505 89. SULTANA SIDDIQUI (CEO, HUM Network) 511 90. SYED BABAR ALI (Chan-man, packages) 51 5 91 . SYED FARROKH MAZHAR (MD, S6S) 521 92. SYED SALAHUDDIN HADER (President CEO, 21st century Real Estate) 527 93. TABISH GAUHAR (Chan-man, KESC) 532 94. TAHER A. KHAN (Chan-man, Interflow Group)536 95. TAHIR MALIK (Chan-man CEO, TRAFCO Group of companies) 540 96. WALD IRSHAID (President CEO, PTCL) 544 97. WALD MUSHTAQ (CEO- Roots International schools Pvt. Ltd) 550 98. YAQOOB TAHIR ZHAR (CEO, Izhar Group of companies) 558 99. ZAFAR KHAN (CEO, sofizar) 564 100. ZAHID HUSSAIN (CEO, Borjan) 569 Read me First: MAD (Make A Difference! ) Once it was merely a dream; today, it is a tangible reality, YES! 100 Business Leaders of Pakistan, a book of inspiration, success stories of high profile business leaders, entrepreneurs, women of substance, educationists, philanthropists and young CEOs, is in your hands. This is Pakistans first-ever book devoted to the personal and professional development of current and future business leaders, women of substance, and entrepreneurs. It is here to make a difference. The philosophy of this book is: Dont curse the darkness, light a candle. The whole concept of this book lies with the help ofa parable. Once there was a man walking along a beach; the sun was shining and it was a beautiful day. Off at a distance, he saw a person going back and forth between the surfs edge and the beach. As this man approached, he could see that there were hundreds of starfish stranded on sand. The oceanic tides had pushed them out of water. The man was amazed by the obvious futility of the task. There were too many starfish. Many of them were sure to perish. He went closer to the person, he continued the task of picking up starfish; one by one and throwing hem into the surf. He came up to the person, and said: mfou must be crazy; there are thousands of miles of beach covered with starfish, you cant possibly make a difference. The person looked at the man, stooped down and picked up one more starfish and threw it back into the ocean. He turned back to the man and said, It has surely made a difference to that one! Now, it is the right time to make a strong pledge to come out from the state of mind of desperation helplessness, stress depression, contradictions controversies, paradoxes dichotomies. And never say Why even try rather say l Can I Will make a difference in the life of one person. We need to focus today on changing the hearts and mindsets of ourselves first and then of others. As Allah Almighty says in the Holy Quran: Allah Almighty doesnt change the destiny of people until and unless they change themselves and HE knows all. (8:54) MANAGER TODAYS The journey continues!! Alhamdolillah, it is a matter of great satisfaction that the third edition of this book is in your hands. The first two editions of this book have proved to be grand landmarks and became sellers. Now, this third edition is hopefully going to hit the stalls again as the bestseller, Insha Allah. We, very carefully and after much deliberation, have selected the success stories, inspiring interviews and profiles of the trendsetters for this book of 100 business leaders and difference makers. The criterion for the selection of leaders and companies was based on the brightest, the fastest and the biggest, especially owing to their contributions towards economic growth, their impact on GDP, employment generation, regional and global presence, their initiations of CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility), best management practices, eadership styles, and HR engagements. These 100 business leaders of Pakistan created almost one million Jobs and earned a very respectable name in their companies. Average annual growth of these companies was above 30%. Hence, not even a single company is in loss. They earned huge amounts of revenue in terms of profitability and performance. Out of these 100 companies, more than a dozen companies have their presence in the international markets, thus earning a respectable name globally for their companies. These 100 successful business leaders are role models for the rest of the country especially for the future enerations of entrepreneurs. The book 100 Business Leaders of Pakistan is a kind of golden nugget that stimulates the passion and performance you need to move your society, business and country forward into the future through learning from the challenges and the opportunities ahead and help you find out the latest methods of outshining and excelling in perpetually challenging business environment. Another key objective of this book is to project the role of the visionary business leaders in economic growth, creation of opportunities for future entrepreneurs † a recipe for conomic prosperity † developing responsible and ethical leaders in any organization and last but not the least how to face and overcome business challenges in turbulent times. This book is more than Just simply a chronology of success stories, exclusive interviews of business leaders or a mere compilation of their achievements, rather it is a deep insight into what drives these visionary business leaders. During my university days, I had always observed a great void † one could find a plethora of business books, articles on professional and personal development, management styles, and success stories of individuals like Bill Gates nd Steve Jobs, big and small by the western writers † but I could not find any literature, however, existed about Pakistani business leaders. They are real contributors to Pakistans immense business and economic outlook who excelled despite all odds, obstacles, frustrations, hindrances in the respective domains. We have miserably failed to project our business leaders as heroes † our role models serving as inspiration for our future generations. Some of these may be unsung heroes. I have been venting out such frustration at this gap between business and academia off and on over a period of time. My training and teaching experiences took a definitive shape and I resolved to bridge the gap between business academia. Our concept of 100 Business Leaders of Pakistan was born with the need that most developed countries have a huge amount of information available about their business platform and business leaders, about the thought processes of those who are at the helm of the businesses affairs, whereas, in Pakistan we have scant quality information about our business leaders. We had to start from somewhere; so MANAGER TODAY then took small steps forward that we hoped would constitute a omprehensive collection of inspiring stories; business interviews and case studies of business leaders and their organizations. During our research, we found seven key success factors of these 100 business leaders. But we named the key success factors as Seven Secrets of Failure. But these 100 business leaders did the opposite of these key factors. Finally the Seven Secrets of Failures of the top 100 business leaders and difference makers have been revealed: 1 . Lack of Perseverance (Istaqamat): Most leaders fail not because they lack knowledge or talent, but because they quit. The total secret of success lies in two words: persistence and resistance. Persistence in what must be done and resistance what ought not to be done. 2. Lack of Faith (Yaqeen e Kamil): People who lack conviction take the middle of the road; and guess what happens in the middle of the road? You get run over. People without conviction do not take a stand. They go along to get along because they lack confidence and courage. They conform in order to get accepted even when they know that what they are doing is wrong. They behave like part of a herd. 3. Rationalizing (Susst Musst): Winners must analyse but never rationalize. That is a losers game. Losers always unlucky Im born under the wrong stars Im not good looking I dont have contacts I dont have enough money The economy is bad If only I had the opportunity If only I didnt have a family And the list goes on. 4. Not Learning from Past Mistakes (Insanity): Some people live and learn, and some only live. Wise people learn from their mistakes. People who do not learn lessons from history are doomed. Failure is a teacher if we have the right attitude. Failure is a detour, not a dead end. It is a delay, not a defeat. Experience is the name we give to our mistakes. . Lack of Discipline (Emotional Intelligence): Anyone who has accomplished anything worthwhile has never done so without discipline and emotional maturity. Emotional intelligence takes self-control, sacrifice, avoiding distractions and temptations. It means staying focused. Steam does not move the engine unless it is confined. Niagara Falls would not generate power unless it was harnessed. 6. Poor Self-Esteem ( Tasawar -e- Zaat -Takmeel-e- Zaat to Irfaan-e-Zaat): Poor self- esteem is a lack of self-respect and self-worth. It leads to abuse of ones self and thers. People with low self-esteem are constantly looking for an identity. They are trying to find themselves. Ones self is not to be found but to be created. Idleness and laziness are consequences of poor self-esteem and so is making excuses. Idleness is like rust that corrodes the most brilliant metal. 7. Fatalistic Attitude (Proactive vs. Reactive): A reactive attitude prevents people from accepting responsibility for their position in life. They attribute success and failure to luck. They surrender themselves to their fate. They believe and accept the predestined future written in their horoscope. They believe that regardless of their effort, whatever has to happen will happen. Hence they never put in any effort, and complacency becomes a way of life. They wait for things to happen rather than make them happen. This is the first time we are giving the success definitions of Pakistani people like Mian Mansha, Abdul Razak Dawood, etc. Before, the definitions of European gurus like Steve Jobs, Shakespeare and others were preferred. Following are the few expert definitions on Success: One should be brave and courageous enough to take risks and tough decisions and the spirit of entrepreneurship. Mian Muhammad Mansha, Chairman, Nishat Group/ MCB. Success has many sides, it is about being a good family man, and that means being a good husband and a good father. One should always struggle to be a good Muslim and give back to society. If you accomplish and create an institution, that is a great achievement!!! Abdul Razak Dawood, Chairman, Descon. It is not easy to define happiness because it is a subjective thing. Generally, people here lack emotional stability. However, no matter how many roles a person has to assume in everyday life, he should be able to maintain a balance of happiness in all of them. Arif Habib, Chairman, Arif Habib Corporation. No matter what the institute is, the major emphasis should be on the development of the inner soul and mind. Education is the ability to analyse and understand values are the fundamental touchstone on which a professional is made. Hussain Dawood, Chairman, Dawood Hercules Corporation. If you plan for a year, plant a tree. If for hundred years, teach the people. When you sow a seed once, you will reap a single harvest. When you teach the people, you will reap a hundred harvest. Syed Babar All, Chairman, Packages. Wake up people; we need to take charge of our destiny. We have immense human resource in the form of youth of Pakistan. Lack of quality of education is the root cause of our present poor plight as a nation. By providing education, all of us should strive to make our youth, our asset, not our liability. Seema Aziz, Founder and Chairperson, CARE Foundation; ED, SEAM. The biggest success is that you have contentment. Losing hope is not allowed in our religion. You should be persistent. If you are constantly working towards some goal, the divine help is also there for you. If you dont have a goal unfortunately, things would go bad for you. Sikander Sultan, Chairman, Shan Foods. For me, leadership is to inspire people to produce their best and women are fast learners of this phenomenon. Leaders are not born maybe some are but the majority of the leaders are developed. Nasreen Kasur, Chairperson, Beaconhouse School System. Our vision is to produce world-class professional managers, business leaders and entrepreneurs for industrial and business development of Pakistan. Dr. Ishrat Husain, Dean Director, IBA Karachi. The word impossible is simply non-existent in a leaders vocabulary. A thing seems impossible, if you think it is impossible. The best quality of a leader is that he dreams ig, he is an idealist. Imran Khan, Chairman, Pakistan PTI. We have tried our level best to place equally all these visionary businesses, rather than to rank them according to any particular competency order. Every individual is a giant on its own and stands out among the crowd. One should not misunderstand someone who is at the beginning or at the end. The position is in alphab etic order. While compiling these success stories and interviews or our research process, focus is on our purpose-built questionnaire shedding light on four dimensions of leadership and management as mentioned below: 1 . On Economy, Business

An Argument Against Breed-Specific Legislation Essay -- Argumentative,

To say â€Å"pit bull,† however, is a vague reference to several pit bull types, which are considered separate breeds by registries like the American Kennel Club (AKC). Each type has a slightly different breeding history; many began with the breeding of bulldogs with terriers to produce a loyal, compact and tenacious breed (â€Å"American Pit Bull Terrier†). The standard three pit bull types most often mentioned by name in breed-specific legislation include the American Pit Bull Terrier, the American Staffordshire Terrier, and the Staffordshire Bull Terrier. That is not the extent of the legislation, however, which also includes dogs that â€Å"substantially conform to the breed standards established by the American Ken e 2010. Web. 22 Nov. 2010. Cohen, Judy, and John Richardson. â€Å"Pit Bull Panic.† Journal of Popular Culture 36.2 (2002): 297. Academic Search Premier. Web. 21 Nov. 2010. â€Å"Dog Bite: Fact Sheet.† Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. CDC, 1 Apr. 2008. Web. 13 Nov. 2010. â€Å"Dogfighting Fact Sheet.† The Humane Society of the United States. 2 Nov. 2009. Web. 23 Nov. 2010. Melvindale, Mich., Municipal Code art. II,  § 4-137 (1990). Perry, April M. â€Å"Guilt by Saturation: Media Liability for Third-party Violence and the Availability Heuristic.† Northwestern University Law Review 97.2 (2003): 1045. Academic Search Premier. Web. 20 Nov. 2010. â€Å"The Truth About Pit Bulls.† ASPCA. American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, n.d. Web. 22 Nov. 2010. â€Å"U.S. Dog Bite Fatalities January 2006 to December 2008.† DogsBite. 20 Apr. 2009. Web. 22 Nov. 2010.

The assignment should be presented as a Journal opinion article and Essay - 1

The assignment should be presented as a Journal opinion article and address an economic issue of current interest to Wall Street - Essay Example A recent report showed that around 155,000 jobs were added in December in order to handle the unemployment situation in U.S economy. However, the rate of unemployment remains unchanged and stood at 7.8%. Faster job creation is required that is around 300,000 or more in order to bring the rate of unemployment at desired level. Policy makers are enjoying sweet repose as annual inflation stays at satisfactory level. Over the past 12 months, only an increase of 1.8% has been seen in consumer prices. When it comes to Household Debt, it has been observed that credit card debt has declined to 16.5% and consumers remain cautious. It will enable Americans to spend a little, as economy gets better. Despite of it, certain types of debt are still rising such as student loans. Fresh graduates are not being able to find well-paying jobs. Prices of Homes continues to move up as market condition of real estate improves. As unemployment goes down, there is more chance of further improvement. As far a s Gas Prices are concerned, although they fell last year, they have again started to back up. Gas prices rely on cost of oil, which has increased to double after the recession has ended. As economic conditions get better, there would be an upsurge in demand of oil, which will ultimately increase the prices of gas. For Equity Markets, the combination of low inflation and slow growth is usually good for stocks. Forecasters seek adequate gains from blue chip companies. Certainly, it will lead investors to continue to invest in stocks. Critical Analysis In this article, the author has mentioned the impact of post-recession economic conditions on American families. Several areas have been highlighted in order to provide brief insight of how this area affects American families. In this article the author states that the economic condition in United States has been improving for the past 3 years yet, it does not stand at the point where it should be. I believe that this point is not valid because the economy of United States experienced worst recession in 2008. Usually after recession, the economy gets stabilize but in this case, it was referred to as Double-Dip Recession. It means that after the initial recession, there was very slowly recovery, which was followed by another recession. Analysts predicted that there is threat of United States getting bankrupt. If it happens then it will drown many another economies with itself. Therefore, after all such chaos, even if the economy is heading towards improvement then it must not be criticized. Despite of discussing all the integral components of an economy, the author showed least linkage of these factors with American families and their influence on them. Brief information was given on the concluding note that outlook is encouraging for people having stable housing, good credit and secure jobs. The author concluded that recovery will be weakening and there will be less help for those who are underemployed or unemploye d. It would not do well to them who have lost their homes. At the end, the author transits to building more ambitious budget reforms. Without such reforms, there is a threat that current slow growth will become entrenched in the form of economic stagnation. Thus, by the analysis of this article it can be concluded that as mentioned by the economic indicators, the economic cond

From 'The Beginnings of Social Understanding' by Judy Dunn, explain Essay

From 'The Beginnings of Social Understanding' by Judy Dunn, explain how Judy Dunn believes the child's early social interactions may influence his or her devel - Essay Example Even among some of the higher mammals, where there is a process of integration of the young to the community, the time taken for that is brief. The detailed study of Dunn of the children as they grow in the family, show that children come to understand the social rules of the family and the feelings, intentions and relationships of others by personally experiencing a process. She argues that self-interest is a major motive in the social growth of children and their emotional experiences and the value judgement that they are naturally skilled in making even in early childhood impact in their development as full-fledged participants in the community. Dunn sees the seeds of the children's development in social skills and propensities of small children exihibit in infancy..Most children exhibit a tendency for co-operative play. Proneness to share food and toys and innate sensitivity to the feelings of others are imbibed early in life to equip themselves for the larger roles time will ask them to play in a society. The children almost instinctively prepare themselves to live in small groups, where collaboration and coordinated effort will be called for. The human condition from time immemorial depended on shared concerns.

Education Essay Essay Example for Free

Education Essay Essay Education? is? not? only? conditioning,? but? conditioning? for? the? future? and? conditioning? for? the? mind.? Somewhere? along? the? way? the? strive? to? learn? has? been? lost? on? education.? Its? hard? to? determine? where? this? all? went? wrong.? Like? many? in? the? past,? those? who? have? the? drive? to? learn,? earn? an? education.? Drive? and? determination? can? not? be? taught? in? a? classroom.? Some? of? the? most? important? subjects? that? should? be? taught? in? class,? are? not.? The? purpose? of? education? is? to? condition? youth? for? the? challenges? they? face? in? the? future. ? Students?  are? trained? not? educated.? I? have? never? had? to? overcome? a? language? barrier.? I? have? never? had? to? overcome? a? racial? barrier? either.? As? long? as? I? can? remember? learning? has? been? a? part? of? my? life.? Not? just? learning,? but? education.? The? struggles? Richard? Rodriguez? and? Fredrick? Douglass? went? through? do? not? apply? to? me.? Rodriguez? and? Douglass? were? both? lucky? enough? to? discover? education,? where? as? education? found? me.? Fredrick? Douglass? once? said,? â€Å"Without? struggle? there? is? no? progress. †? This? quote? really? sums? up? Douglass? and? his? message.? Douglass? went? through? his? fair? share? of? struggles? and? became? a? better? man? because? of? it.? If? what? I? face? now? in? my? life? is? a? struggle,? how? much? can? I? really? progress At? least? I’ll? always? have? education? to? take? advantage? of.? All? Americans? are? given? the? right? of? an? education.? Depending? on? the? person,? this? right? can? either? be? used? or? ignored.? A? large? part? in? why? so? many? immigrants? travel? to? the? US,? is? because? it? offers? free? public? education.? Because? of? taxes? no? child? has? to? pay? to? learn.? There? are? also? no? restrictions? on? who?  has? the? right? to? an? education? in? the? United? States.? Yet? education? is? not? appreciated? by? most? like? it? should.? Learning? is? a? power.? Not? a? power? that? all? people? have? but? the? ones? that? do? have? it? need? to? use? it,? completely? use? it.? Fredrick? Douglass? realized? how? powerful? the? ability? to? learn? could? be.? So? did? Maya? Angelou.? Neither? of? them? would? have? lived? the? lifes? they? did? without? the? power? of? learning.? To? make? mistakes? and? learn? from? them? so? they? don’t? recur.? Read.? Comprehend.? Write.? Read.? Comprehend.? Write.? And? repeat.? I? create?  sentences? so? I? can? reap? the? benefits.? Until? a? student? becomes? proficient? in? reading,? comprehending,? and? writing? that? student? won’t? be? successful? in? the? educational? system.? The? goal? isn’t? to? learn.? Education? used? to? be? about? learning.? Different? people? learn? in? different? ways.? Education? is? interesting? to? some? but? boring? to? others.? For? one? to? be? educated,? they? first? have? to? learn.? The? ability? to? learn? is? not? a? strength? all? people? are? born? with.? It? is? an? important? skill? most? people? develop? throughout? their? life.? Frederick? Douglass? was?  not? taught? as? a? child.? Douglass? did? not? go? to? school,? but? the? fact? that? he? is? educated? can? not? be? argued.? Based? off? that? fact? alone,? it? is? proven? that? one? does? not? need? to? be? schooled? to? be? educated.? Douglass? was? determined? to? learn.? He? was? steadfast? in? educating? himself? to? have? a? brighter? future.? Being? a? slave? in? the? 19th? century,? a? bright? future? does? not? exist.? Through? his? determination,? Douglass? shows? how? the? importance? of? an? education? is. Education? does? not? always? occur? in? the? classroom.? It? can? be? found? almost? anywhere.? Frederick? Douglass? mentions? in? his? narrative? Learning? to? Read? that? the? little? boys? who? taught? him? how? to? read? will? be? free? at? twenty? one? years? old? men,? whereas? Douglass? just? wishes? to? be? free? more? than? anything.? Learning? does? not? only? occur? in? the? classroom.? It? happens? in? many? everyday? experiences.? Sometimes? the? only? way? to? learn? something? is? to? do? it? personally.? Maya? Angelou? once? said:? â€Å"Words? mean? more? than? what? is? set? on? paper.? It? takes? the? human? voice? to? infuse? them? with? a? deeper? meaning. †? Just? because? a? student? reads? from? a? book? does? not? guarentee? they? will? receive? the? full? effect? of? the? writing.? Words? need? to? be? said,? plays? need? to? be? acted,? speeches? need? to? be? read.? Most? american? scholars? today? dredd? the? idea? of? reading.? High? schoolers? all? across? the? country? will? try? to? find? anyway? to? get? around? actually? having? to? read.? For? education? to? be? successful? in? teaching? a? student? a? lesson,? the? attitude? of? the? student? must? be? appropriate.? Students? who? don’t? want? to? learn? won’t,? it’s? really? that? simple.? Students? need? to? be? taught? how? to? learn.?

Wonderment and Awe: the Way of the Kami Essay -- Movies Film Films Ess

Wonderment and Awe: the Way of the Kami When watching the fantastic anime (animation) of Japanese director Hayao Miyazaki, it soon becomes apparent that he has infused his richly detailed worlds with an animistic world-view that references ancient Japanese beliefs, practices and myths. His films describe an intriguing mixture of earthy spirituality particularly drawn from the Shinto tradition. Shinto is less a religion than a way of life – a pantheistic and animistic faith that believes that every object possesses a spirit, and encourages nature worship, folk beliefs, ancient deities and rituals. It has no dogma or moral doctrine, except for four general tenets: worshipping and honouring the kami; love of nature; tradition and the family; and cleanliness (Picken 1994:9-10). For the scope of this article, I will be looking at how respect for the kami and nature inform two of Miyazaki’s films Princess Mononoke (Mononokehime 1997) and Spirited Away (Sen to Chihiro no Kamikakushi 2001). The key to Miyazaki’s work lies in his knack of transformation and transfusion. He transforms and reinvigorates the tenets of Shinto and also elements of Japanese myth such as dragons and gods. His films do not rework specific stories – rather he creates a hybrid Japanese ‘modern myth’ that is accessible (in different ways) to post-industrialised audiences all over the world. Film critics have praised his films: many appearing to share the sentiments of American film writer Chris Lanier that ‘ultimately, when the movie is over, one doesn’t chiefly savour its sequences or incidents, or even the audacity of its imagination. One rather savours the world-view that seeps through it, which is an eminently kind one’ (2002). I would suggest that Miyaza... ...s spiritual roots. Tokyo: Kodansha International. Picken, S. (1994) Essentials of Shinto: An analytical guide to principal teachings. Connecticut & London: Greenwood Press. Saitani, R. (1995) ‘I Understand Nausicaa a Bit More Than I Did a Little While Ago: Long interview with Hayao Miyazaki’ in Comic Box special memorial issue: The Finale of Nausicaa. January. Website accessed 15 May 2003: www.comicbox.co.jp/e-nau/e-nau.html Mes, T. (2002) ‘Hayao Miyazaki Interview’on Midnight Eye. 1 July. Website accessed 15 May 2003: www.midnighteye.com/interviews/hayao_miyazaki.shtml van Bremen, J. (1995) ‘Introduction: The myth of the secularization of industrialized societies’ in Ceremony and Ritual in Japan: Religion in an Industrialized Society. London: Routledge. Weber, M. (1965) The Sociology of Religion translated by E. Fischoff. London: Methuen & Co. Wonderment and Awe: the Way of the Kami Essay -- Movies Film Films Ess Wonderment and Awe: the Way of the Kami When watching the fantastic anime (animation) of Japanese director Hayao Miyazaki, it soon becomes apparent that he has infused his richly detailed worlds with an animistic world-view that references ancient Japanese beliefs, practices and myths. His films describe an intriguing mixture of earthy spirituality particularly drawn from the Shinto tradition. Shinto is less a religion than a way of life – a pantheistic and animistic faith that believes that every object possesses a spirit, and encourages nature worship, folk beliefs, ancient deities and rituals. It has no dogma or moral doctrine, except for four general tenets: worshipping and honouring the kami; love of nature; tradition and the family; and cleanliness (Picken 1994:9-10). For the scope of this article, I will be looking at how respect for the kami and nature inform two of Miyazaki’s films Princess Mononoke (Mononokehime 1997) and Spirited Away (Sen to Chihiro no Kamikakushi 2001). The key to Miyazaki’s work lies in his knack of transformation and transfusion. He transforms and reinvigorates the tenets of Shinto and also elements of Japanese myth such as dragons and gods. His films do not rework specific stories – rather he creates a hybrid Japanese ‘modern myth’ that is accessible (in different ways) to post-industrialised audiences all over the world. Film critics have praised his films: many appearing to share the sentiments of American film writer Chris Lanier that ‘ultimately, when the movie is over, one doesn’t chiefly savour its sequences or incidents, or even the audacity of its imagination. One rather savours the world-view that seeps through it, which is an eminently kind one’ (2002). I would suggest that Miyaza... ...s spiritual roots. Tokyo: Kodansha International. Picken, S. (1994) Essentials of Shinto: An analytical guide to principal teachings. Connecticut & London: Greenwood Press. Saitani, R. (1995) ‘I Understand Nausicaa a Bit More Than I Did a Little While Ago: Long interview with Hayao Miyazaki’ in Comic Box special memorial issue: The Finale of Nausicaa. January. Website accessed 15 May 2003: www.comicbox.co.jp/e-nau/e-nau.html Mes, T. (2002) ‘Hayao Miyazaki Interview’on Midnight Eye. 1 July. Website accessed 15 May 2003: www.midnighteye.com/interviews/hayao_miyazaki.shtml van Bremen, J. (1995) ‘Introduction: The myth of the secularization of industrialized societies’ in Ceremony and Ritual in Japan: Religion in an Industrialized Society. London: Routledge. Weber, M. (1965) The Sociology of Religion translated by E. Fischoff. London: Methuen & Co.

Comparison Between Perfect Competition and Monopoly Essay

Uploading instructions Please view the assignment submission process document provided to you by the Virtual University to upload the assignment. Rules for Marking It should be clear that your assignment will not get any credit if: The assignment is submitted after due date; The submitted assignment does not compile or run; The assignment is copied. Objective The assignment is being uploaded to make the students read their handouts thoroughly. As it has been observed that the students are not reading their handouts properly so the assignment will bridge the gap between the students and the handouts. The assignment will also augment the students’ understanding of the importance of some specific dates and incidents in the history of Pakistan. Assignment (Fill in the blanks with appropriate words) 1. The Lahore Resolution was moved by _______________. 2. The World War started in 1939 3. The Hindus started Quit India Movement in ____________seeing British in trouble.. 4. Lord Wavell announced elections in ________ 5. In __________1945 the elections of Central Legislature were held and the ML won all 30 Muslim seats. 6. On___________, 1946, all the newly elected Muslim members pledged in the Delhi Convention to shatter the Hindu dream of united India. 7. The Interim Government was formed under Nehru on September _________1946 and the ML stayed away. 8. Khizr Hayat Tiwana was a Muslim Leader from the_____________. 9. ___________meeting of the Constituent Assembly was held on August 11, 1947 and the ceremonies on August 14. 10. ____________appointed as Viceroy and he arrived in Delhi on March 22, 1947. Attempting Methodology All the students should write down the whole sentences along with the missing words in accord with their order. Requirements of the Assignment 1. The medium of the course is English. 2. Assignment means comprehensive details about the given topic quoting different sources (books/articles/websites etc. ) but this assignment does need these things. 3. Copied material will be awarded ZERO. 4. After due date Assignment will not be accepted. Note: You should prefer to upload your assignment in word document file.

Some Theories of Personality Essay

Personality Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   There are a number of personalities that people display in life in accordance with different life situations that they encounter or are living in. The most common personality that a typical person is likely to display today that has been described by Sigmund Freud is that of ego. This is so because in the most part of our lives, we rely on unconscious part of mind (George, 2010). This part is the source reality of what can be afforded, how and when. It controls our desires on the basis of what we really should have at a particular time and if we cannot afford it at that time, the ego informs a person to postpone it for another day.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   We are occasionally obliged to negate or repel becoming cognizant of some drives and thus, they in most cases manifest in a hidden form but the ego makes these drives real(George, 2010). Although human beings desire to have things that they think are of importance to them, this part of mind makes them aware of what they can afford or what they cannot afford. It is the ego that helps the typical person to relate things that he or she wants to the reality (Sow & Chan, 2010). It thus leads a person into looking for objects that can satisfy what he or she is in need of but because of the inability to acquire them, they compensate with some other source of satisfaction.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Relating to the world today, people are spending millions of money in search for self-realization through programs that are offered by several firms. These programs help them become enlightened and they quickly turn their lives around. To this end, these people feel that if they realize themselves, they will be able to live a happy life. They thus are willing to spend whatever the money they deem necessary to enroll in the programs that will help them realize themselves. Most of these individuals are wealthy or somewhat able of sustaining themselves if not wealthy but, they do not realize happiness in their wealth or ability. The only way they can get this happiness is through spending their money not on buying expensive possessions but by spending that money to seek for self-satisfaction (George, 2010).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Similarly, depending on the level of needs, most people are driven by a desire to accumulate wealth in their life. As they perceive, being wealthy means being happy because, they can afford to buy all that they desire with their wealth. Therefore, they would do anything within their power to satisfy their desire. Sometimes, the justified means of acquiring wealth that have been dictated by the society may not favor such individuals. They are, therefore, driven by their desires to create other means to achieve their goals. These other means may be lawful for example, through investing or starting a business or may be unlawful for example, the selling of drugs, corruption, stealing, and forceful amassing among other illegal means (Sow& Chan, 2010).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Unfortunately, when one desire is achieved, the body keeps on yearning for more. Such individuals form a disease out of a habit in the process of satisfying their motivations (Weiten et al, 2011). They thus identify by the means in which they achieve their desires and this suppresses their perception on the existing societal laws. If the activity that they achieve their desires through is unlawful, they think of it as lawful and usual. Later on, after such individuals accumulate more wealth, they realize that the wealth is not enough to make them happy. At this point, they invest in programs that are geared towards achieving self-realization (Weiten et al, 2011).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Such a personality affects a typical person’s behavior in several ways. First, he or she learns to balance between the lusty desires and the actual world expectations (Sow and Chan, 2010). When one is dominated by lusty desires, he or she is able to rationalize those desires through the use of ego personality. If the person allows the lusty desires personality to dominate, he or she goes against the societal norms or the stipulated laws. To this end, such a person is said to be a criminal.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Secondly, when an individual is driven by the desire to become wealthy through amassing of wealth either through conformity to stipulated laws or negating the laws, they are turned into wealth making machines whose role is to make wealth. This has contributed to failure in social structures such as the family because of the little time these individuals have to concentrate on building social relationships. No wonder the high rate of broken marriages and families. This has left the little children without the most basic contributors to their personality at early age namely; father and mother. Deficiency in personality development on children keeps on adding to the miseries of the world today (George, 2010).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Through engagement in illegal means of satisfying an individual’s desire, the rate of crimes in the country keeps on rising. It becomes difficult for the individual to do what is right because the part of personality that is responsible for informing is numbed from recognizing the right from the wrong. This is dangerous because the individual would do anything to maintain his source of wealth. No wonder there are many assassinations in places subjugated by illegal business such as the drug vending cartels (Sow& Chan, 2010). References George,B. (2006). Personality Theories. Found online at: htttp://www.social-psychology.de/do/pt_freud.pdf Sow, Gaik and Chan, Wai. (2010). Personality Development. Found online at: http://elearning.ibc.ac.th/sites/default/files/personality%20development_0.pdfWeiten, W.,Dunn, D. & Hammer, E.Y. (2011). Psychology Applied to Modern Life; Adjustment in the 21st Century: Tenth Edition. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth-Cengage. Source document

Character Analysis of Cassio and Roderigo from Othello

Character Analysis of Cassio and Roderigo from 'Othello' Othello is one of William Shakespeares most acclaimed tragedies. The story of a Moorish general (Othello) and the soldier (Iago) who plots to usurp him, the play features a small cast of characters who are manipulated and pitted against each other as part of Iagos deceitful plan. Two of the key characters are Cassio, Othellos loyal captain, and Roderigo, a man who is love with Othellos wife, Desdemona. Over the course of the play, both are lured into the complex love plot engineered by Iago, one of Shakespeares  best-written villains. Cassio Cassio is described as Othellos honourable lieutenant, and he is given this rank over Iago. The appointment, undeserved in Iago’s eyes, justifies the villain’s cruel revenge against him: One Michael Cassio, a Florentine†¦ / That never set a squadron in the field / Nor the division of a battle knows.(Iago, Act I Scene 1) We know that Cassio is of good standing due to Desdemona’s passionate defense of him. However, Othello is easily turned against him by Iago. In Act II, Cassio foolishly allows himself to be encouraged to go for a drink when he has already acknowledged it to be the wrong thing to do. â€Å"Come lieutenant. I have a stoup of wine, Iago says (Act II Scene 3). I’ll do’t but it dislikes me, Cassio replies. Once the captain becomes drunk, he is drawn into a brawl and attacks Montano, a former Cypriot official, badly wounding him. The attack is an embarrassment to Othello, who is forced to act quickly to appease the Cypriot officials. The Moorish general sacks Cassio on the spot: Cassio I love thee, but never more be officer of mine.(Othello, Act II Scene 3) Othello is justified in this, as one of his men has injured an ally; nevertheless, the scene demonstrates Othello’s impulsivity and his righteousness. In his desperation, Cassio falls into Iago’s trap once more as he implores Desdemona to help him win his job back. His office is the most important thing to him, so much so that he neglects his relationship with Bianca while he is trying to get it back. At the end of the play, Cassio is injured but redeemed. His name is cleared by Emilia and as Othello is stripped of his duties, we are told that Cassio now rules in Cyprus. As the new leader, he is given the responsibility of dealing with Othellos fate: To you Lord Governor, / Remains the censure of this hellish villain. / The time, the place, the torture O enforce it!(Lodovico, Act V Scene 2) As a result, the audience is left to ponder whether Cassio will be cruel to Othello or forgiving. Roderigo Roderigo is Iago’s dupe, his fool. In love with Desdemona and prepared to do anything to get her, Roderigo is easily manipulated by the evil Iago. Roderigo does not feel any loyalty towards  Othello, who he believes has stolen his love from him. It is Roderigo, under the guidance of Iago, who goads Cassio into the fight that gets him dismissed from the army. Roderigo escapes from the scene undetected. Iago tricks him into giving him money to convince Desdemona to be with him and then encourages him to kill Cassio. In Act IV, Roderigo finally gets wise to Iagos manipulation of him, declaring that Everyday thou daff’st me with some device (Act IV Scene II). Nevertheless, he is again convinced by the villain to follow through with the plan to kill Cassio, despite his misgiving. I have no great devotion to the deed, Roderigo says. And yet he hath given me satisfying reasons. / Tis but a man gone. Forth, my sword: he dies (Act V Scene 1). In the end, Roderigo is stabbed his only friend, Iago,  who does not want him to reveal his secret plot. However, Roderigo finally outsmarts him by quickly writing a letter which he places in his pocket, pointing to Iago’s involvement in the plot and his guilt. Although he ultimately dies, he is in some part redeemed by his letters: Now here’s another discontented paper / Found in his pocket too. And this it seems / Roderigo meant to have sent this damned villain, / But that, belike, Iago in the interim / Came in and satisfied him. (Lodovico, Act V Scene 2)

Power, Authority and Force are Distinct Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Power, Authority and Force are Distinct - Essay Example Power, authority and force are three different aspects of an individual’s or society’s life. In a country, it is the government that is the sole authority and has the power to make decisions for the social welfare and wellbeing of the people. However, despite such power, the government cannot force or impose rules upon people if they do not wish to follow them and thus, there has to be some room left for liberal thinking or allowing the will of the people to persist. Power thus is the ability to get work done because of leadership skills; it is the capacity that a person may have in order to perform some work or carry out an action in an effective manner. Authority on the other hand is the supremacy or command that a person or a body has, to make decisions. Finally, force is the manner in which a person may impose upon another or coerce another in order to do something or carry out an action. In this manner, these three terms are distinct and will be discussed with vari ous examples during the course of this essay. (Merriam Webster Dictionary) All over the world, all the time, there are various examples of these three terms being combined and used in the same situation; where there is authority, there is power being wielded because only an authority on some matter has not only the full right but also the ability to exercise something; and sometimes, this exercising of power by an authority might turn out to be forceful upon a group of people that do not wish to follow it. Power is the ability to influence the outcome of events. It could be both correctly as well as incorrectly used and the incorrect use of power would lead to coercion or force upon people. Authority on the other hand is a very subjective term because it is bestowed upon people that seemingly do well in their respective fields; people who may be deemed fit in order to carry out a certain task. (Jovial Bard) For example, the president of the country is rightfully elected as the autho rity to carry out certain powers but they are not forced or imposed upon people. However, in some cases, like in countries where there are monarchs or countries like China that are completely republican in nature, the power wielded by the authority is forced upon the individuals and they have no choice but to follow the same. There are various views on this very subject; taking into account the reign of Saddam Hussein, the despotic leader, it may be understood that he assumed authority without commanding respect for the same. Thus, in the eyes of the rest of the world, especially the United States of America, he was deemed to be an illegitimate leader, who just assumed an authoritarian position. He had access to weapons of mass destruction which he threatened people all over the world with and thus this was an application of force on his part because of the high power that he held as the president of a country, as he imposed fear among the citizens and led them to a very terrifying and horrific way of life. (Bowen, D) Over the years, nonetheless, the power that the United States has over the rest of the world has been growing; especially because after the 9/11 attacks, the entire world held sympathy for the country and thus supported it with all their might. However, as the US has been

Human resource Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Human resource - Case Study Example It is pretty obvious from the case itself that the company is facing problems in retaining the customer service representatives. According to the representatives some of the causes for high rate of attrition have been working on weekends, very little contact with the other departments, hesitance for cold calling, lack of remuneration for success, etc. Therefore in order to solve the problem of employee retention these problems need to be take care. Here are a few recommendations that may provide a way out. One of the major causes of retention has been working on weekends. Customers can need help or support at any point of time in the day, hence the customer care representatives need to be there for help even on weekends. However, the each of the customer care reps the may not have to work on each of the weekends. For example a customer service rep may work on two weekends in the month and may get rest on the other two. The reps should be given some extra remuneration for working on the weekends. Another root cause for attrition has been the lack of fact between the reps. and other members. Hence from time to time job rotation policy can be used. This can reduce the boredom as well as give the reps an opportunity to understand the way the other departments function. It can come in real handy while handling the customer queries. Another problem has been lack of recognition for the reps. hence there could be a token of appreciation for the best customer service rep. of the month. Also th ey reps should be provided some extra incentives for each sale they make. This can also minimize the problem of hesitance in cold calling. But that is not all it has been mentioned by the reps that most of time problems faced is something beyond the control, such as billing issues or late delivery. Hence the organization should make sure that the end product is being delivered to the customers in time,

Pay as Motivator Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Pay as Motivator - Essay Example Skinner's reinforcement theory (1953) is perhaps the foundation for every study on the matter. By stating that behaviour can be shaped, changed, or maintained through positive and negative reinforcement, he implied that people can be made to behave in certain ways using levers of motivation. Later studies merely attempted to find what those levers were. Maslow (1954) proposed five levers he called human needs, with the lowest being physiological, and self-actualisation the highest; in between are the safety, social, and esteem needs. He said meeting these needs is the motivational key, which leads others to ask: if pay helps meet each of these needs, why is it that even highly-paid CEOs continue to milk their corporate cow, sometimes fatally Pay does not seem to give the complete answer. Perhaps Herzberg (1959) had an answer in his hygiene and motivational factors. He argued that a worker would be satisfied if the motivation factors are met, but not if hygiene factors are unmet. However, hygiene factors do not necessarily lead to job satisfaction. And like these other content theories, MacGregor's (1960) simplistic categorisation of employees does not fully explain the behaviour of greedy managers who used to be honest. An interesting trilogy of process theories (Adams, 1963; Vroom, 1964; Porter and Lawler, 1968) goes beyond the tangible and crosses the line into the realm of the mystical. Balance (Adams's Equity Theory), values and beliefs (the expectancy and instrumentality of Vroom), and intrinsic/extrinsic motivation (Porter and Lawler) point out that money is important, but there are others of greater value that managers need to know about workers so they can trigger the right behaviour. Fifteen years (1953-1968) of research concluded that to motivate others, one has to find out why people do the things they do. And now, some four decades later, as researchers continue investigating the human psyche in search of answers, the list of motivational levers just keeps on getting longer. Pay has never been near the top of the list, superseded by more important ones like job security, the loftiness of goals, and the meaningfulness of work (Ambrose and Kulik, 1999; Gagne and Deci, 2005). Are these findings supported by empirical evidence in the real world of the workplace We find out by looking at two well-known U.K. companies: The Royal Mail Holdings plc, a government-owned firm, and J. Sainsbury plc, the publicly listed owner of the third largest supermarket chain in the U.K. Both companies, just getting out of a serious business crisis, offer us a good look at the "pay as motivator" issue by considering the behaviour of managers and workers. We may find some evidence of how our motivation beast really looks like, discover whether the theories are right and, if not, gain some practical lessons from this exercise. The Reality: Hard Facts The Royal Mail Experience The Royal Mail is a 370-year old organisation that began when King Charles I introduced the postal services in Britain (Steven-Jones, 2004, p. 8-9). It was a government monopoly until the passage of the Postal Services Act of 2000 that liberalised the U.K. postal services market. The law was the culmination of several factors, but what triggered it was an event that took place three decades earlier, when in 1971 postal workers staged a six-week strike that threatened to cripple the

The Benefits of Live Performances over Recordings Research Paper

The Benefits of Live Performances over Recordings - Research Paper Example The sounds of today are not aimed at accuracy of sound. Due to their nature and the way they are made, there could never be a live equivalent of what is being played. The artist hears the music played through earphones, and then sings along to what they hear. Most of the music is dubbed over until perfection of the sound is as close as possible. While it may be extremely enjoyable to sit in your pajamas in bed listening to your favorite music or watching a live performance online, due to the technology involved, it’s not as realistic as an actual live performance. One of the greatest concerns of the music and performing industry today is piracy. We might be the only nation who doesn’t have terrestrial performance rights for sound recordings. Every time recordings are played, royalties are paid by the one broadcasting them. New legislation aimed at guaranteeing royalties for music and films downloaded from the internet, the Performance Rights Act in 2009, made it illegal to record, download, or copy music and videos intended for sale. In some ways this puts a damper on the home experience as many people are unaware of what constitutes piracy. It is the desire to experience the live event again, without paying twice, which fuels this situation. What happens when one listens to a live performance? It’s the whole ambiance of the situation that captivates live audiences. One must mentally prepare in order to fully appreciate their experience. It’s not enough to know about the music one expects to hear.... What a deal! (Recording History) The sounds of today are not aimed at accuracy of sound. Due to their nature and the way they are made, there could never be a live equivalent of what is being played. The artist hears the music played through earphones, and then sings along to what they hear. Most of the music is dubbed over until perfection of the sound is as close as possible. While it may be extremely enjoyable to sit in your pajamas in bed listening to your favorite music or watching a live performance online, due to the technology involved, it’s not as realistic as an actual live performance. (Recording History) One of the greatest concerns of the music and performing industry today is piracy. We might be the only nation who doesn’t have terrestrial performance rights for sound recordings. Every time recordings are played, royalties are paid by the one broadcasting them. New legislation aimed at guaranteeing royalties for music and films downloaded from the internet , the Performance Rights Act in 2009, made it illegal to record, download, or copy music and videos intended for sale. In some ways this puts a damper on the home experience as many people are unaware of what constitutes piracy. It is the desire to experience the live event again, without paying twice, which fuels this situation. (Future of Music Coalition) What happens when one listens to a live performance? It’s the whole ambiance of the situation that captivates live audiences. One must mentally prepare in order to fully appreciate their experience. It’s not enough to know about the music one expects to hear; all the details of the performers, their journeys along the human path are a vital part of the show as well. The experience begins when the line forms to buy tickets. Memories of

Apple Inc Culture Has Both Advantages And Disadvantages Business Essay

Apple Inc Culture Has Both Advantages And Disadvantages Business Essay Introduction Apple Inc, a multinational company delivers high standard computer products, communication products, and entertainment product such as Mac Computers, Iphones, Ipads and Ipods. The American company was developed and formed in Cupertino, California in the year 1976. The company was incorporated in 1977 as Apple Computer, Inc. The company started as computer manufacturer, and over the years the company grew rapidly was soon more than a computer manufacturer. The high standard operating system Mac OS made them unique among the competitors from the same industry. At the moment Apple, Inc is one among the top rated in the fortune companies and is well established as a PC, Mobile phone, and software developers and distributors worldwide. The company was formed in the year of 1976 the incorporation took place in the year of 1977; also the first computer was introduced in the year of 1977. The founders of Apple Inc (founded as Apple Computer Inc) are Steven Paul Jobs, Stephen Gary Wozniak, and Ronald Gerald Wayne. But Wayne has left Apple before the incorporation, the real twist in its growth and development was with the entry of Mike Markkula who was the former marketing manager at Intel Corporation. Markkula offered a financial support for Apple Computer Inc. He had invested $ 250, 000 and some expertise for expanding Apples business. At first, they manufactured a computer without key boards and monitors, the computers even sold without a case. The first computer is named as Apple I. Following Apple I the company had launched Apple II which covers all the drawbacks of Apple I. Apple II had added advantages over its predecessor, including a colour display and a cassette storage drive. The introduction of Apple II was a great success and it enhanced $ 1 million annual sales. By the year 1979 Apple launched Apple II+ computers which came out with better memory and features that Apple II. During the 1980s Apple introduced their Apple III computers. The launch was a big failure. The analysts stated that the PC had launched without sufficient tests, as a result many of the units turned out to be defective. Following that Apple continued to remain innovative in product development. One of their greatest innovations was their Ipods which is able to store and play music files with the help of their own Itune software. The unique design and ultra portability made the product favorite for all kinds of customers. Following that they have introduced their first mobile phone, which was there entry in to the booming mobile phones industry. The mobile phone is top rated for their unique features, and enormous designs. It was great success in the smart phones category. With all their high standard products and innovations the company had remained top rated even in the recession. According to the second quarter report Apple Inc, the 2010 second quarter revenues raised up to $ 13.5 billion, the second quarter revenue of 2009 reported as $ 9.08 billion. Also the profit margin raised from $ 39.9 % to $ 41. 7 %, Mac PCs shows 33 % unit growth and Ipones shows 131 % unit growth compared to the previous quarter. Whereas, Ipods shows 1 % decline in unit growth, the major portion of the revenue is contributed by Iphones. Organisational behaviour According to Mullins, (2005), Organizational behavior as the study and understanding of individual and group behavior, and patterns of structure in order to help improve organizational performance and effectiveness, (Mullins, 2005, p.26) Organizational culture is complex and multi-faceted. Culture is intangible and varies from organization to organization. Many authors came up with relevant theories regarding these subjects. It can be defined in simple terms as the way things are done in an organization. Mullins, 2005 stated that according to Handy there are 4 main ways that organizational culture can be classified, they are as follows: Power Culture Role Culture Task Culture Person Culture Power Culture Organization in this category tend to have minimal rules and regulations, also it is largely dependant on a central character. The decisions are made by this central character or a central group. The focus group of Apple Inc have proved to be best at what they are doing so far. Though this type of culture is adopted by small enterprises, Apple Inc have adopted this due to the fact that they emphasise on delivering quality over anything else. Role Culture The organization in this category, tend to have a bureaucratic way of organizational culture. It very much sticks to the rules and regulations of the company. In this culture, organizations tend to work as the strong pillars, where individual values have less importance, whereas the positions play important roles. In Apple Inc, there involved a level of secracy as individual opinions were not acepted at all points and there were flaws in communication as well. While looked upon from a human resource view, this proved to have affected the product development at various stages. Where as, when looked upon from a product development prospective, this proved to be a more challenging and more demanding quality of significant importance. In most cases the pillars are controlled by the role, also roles and job descriptions are more important than individual performance. Task Culture In this culture, organizations are more concerned about the objective and tasks. It does not pay much importance to HR rules and regulations as this culture is more tasks oriented. Expertise and individual performance are more valued than the positions and roles. The communication tends to be both ways and the employees are free to express their ideas and suggestions at Apple Inc. Also decision making is not relied on information from a single source and the employees take part in expressing their opinion or the managers gathered ideas from the co-workers. But reports at Apple Inc show that this culture can be difficult to achieve economies of scales. In todays fast moving digital world, many companies including Apple Inc adopted this style of operation. In olden days this has been seen in the aeronautic engineering, but now-a-days some of the multinational IT companies are adopting this style, because they are keen about their organisational goals and tasks. Person Culture Individuals are the key factors for this concepts, this culture is normally seen in animal protection organizations. According to Mullins, (2005) Geert Hofstede also identified four dimensions to organizational culture and work place differences. They are as follows: Power Distance Uncertainty Avoidance Individualism Masculinity Power Distance In this culture there is high level of disparity. According to Hofstede this culture is totally dependent on the management; in this concept subordinates should obey the superiors. Communication tends to flow from top to down. It is seen in military operations, at the moment organisations are trying to reduce power distance and putting their maximum efforts to bring equality in organizations. Apple had this within the management and this was a factor that affected the overall performance to a certain extend. Uncertainty Avoidance As Hofstede linked the national culture and organizational culture, uncertainty avoidance refers to the unexpected situations or unusual situations that a society or the employees of an organization feels that they are going to face. Apple Inc had this problem as there was a level of secrecy maintained among the employees. They themselves were not aware of what was happening around them. Individualism Individualism refers to the individuals being capable of looking after themselves. At Apple Inc, the context of organizational behavior is applicable to some parts of the organization that the employees are self driven. They are highly committed to what they do pertaining to work and were not able to take care of themselves. Masculinity It refers to the gender difference in organizational behavior, in some society the womens value is not differed from mens but in some society it differs women has less value that the men. Automatically it affect the organizational behavior, if an organization provide the same positions for men and women, it may bring internal conflict in that particular organization. Leadership Leadership is not about the leader, it is about how he builds the confidence of everyone else. Leaders are responsible for both the big structures that sever as the cornerstone of confidence, and the human touches that shape a positive emotional climate to inspire and motivate people. Leaders delivering confidence by espousing high standards in their messages, exemplifying these standards in the conduct they model and establishing formal mechanism to provide a structure for acting on those standards. (Mullins J. L, 2007, p.362) A diagrammatic representation of leadership Subordinates-centered Leadership Boss-Centered Leadership Use Authority by Manager Area of freedom for subordinates Manager makes decisions and announce it Managers permits subordinates to function within defined limits Managers presents problems, gets suggestions and make decisions Manager presents ideas and invites questions Managers presents tentative decisions to change subject Manager sells decision Managers define limits, and asks group to make decision (Mullins J. L, 2007, p.362) What is good at Apple, Inc? Innovative and task driven culture Apple Inc is totally focused on innovation, in another word they always tries make superior and unique products to gain competitive advantages. For this purpose they are very keen to choose the best work force available. Hard work and commitment is the main quality that the company seek from it employees. There is a common saying that there is always more work to do than the employees. A relaxed and informal atmosphere is created in the working campus, many researches proved that the employees at Apple Inc is relaxed and at the same time highly committed to tasks given by the company. The company is always taking keen interest to entertain their employees after the working hours. As discussed, the company is recognized as innovator therefore it always prefers workaholic people. In one way the company is adopting Handys task oriented organizational culture, in this culture Handy described that organizations are less formal and highly task oriented. It is agreed that Apple Inc is adopting an innovative and task driven culture, but at the same time they have very strong work ethics and very strict deadlines. The best example for this there working hour, an employee is working 60 to 70 hours per week. The employees believe that apple is not just for making money. The innovations helped the company gain market reputation, at the same time it helps the employee to learn more things every day. That is one of the main things that employees are seeking for, especially in software and computer related fields. The technology is changing day by day, and Apple Inc is always trying to innovate something which can surprise the world. It helps the employees even after they left the organization, the world knows that the employees coming out from Apple will be highly committed, task driven and hard working, also they can contribute expertise in to other business in which they are selected for. Individualism According to Hofstede, in this culture employees are capable or expected look after themselves. Apple Inc is allowing their employees to work themselves. The employees must run their own shows. Because of that the company is always seeking for the best talents, also the guidance are given occasionally, as a result the employees are becoming self confident and self motivated, and they clearly focused and showing high commitment to the tasks. Also they always ready to take more responsibilities. There is common belief in the employees mind that Apple Inc is always seeing for accomplishment rather than the relationship building. Individual has the opportunities to prove their ability and get the reward. The opportunity to grow is wide open in Apple Inc. As it is highly focused on the innovation and their keen interest to launch something new and inspiring allow the employees make the days creating and challenging. It is widely accepted by the employees at Apple Inc is that every day tha t they can learn and they can experience something new. Therefore the individual opportunities to grow and learn is more compared to any other multinational firms, also the employees are capable to their own tasks without any guidance. Diversity and Cross functionality Apple Inc is a multinational which is always looking for the best talents and committed work force, therefore from all the parts of world talented people are appointed. Employees are most often used to work with multinational workforce. It is also allowing the employees to learn different culture and working styles. According many studies conducted, it has been realized that employees are often find cross functional activities to perform the accomplishment of the companys objectives or organizational goals. Apple Inc. took all the necessary steps to promote diversity among its work force and also there always make sure a non homogeneous workforce. Furthermore they have set up partnerships with various of organizations. Apple Inc has a partnership with National Black MBAs, National society of Hispanics MBAs and the society of Women Engineers. These Kind of organization promote diversity and allow the employees mix with diverse work force. Apple Inc believes that the diversity in work force is one of the important tasks to execute a successful corporate culture Managers are asked to do different tasks other than their working area. Many of the multinational firms are adopted cross functional activities in order make their employees multitask oriented and to broaden up their abilities. Many mangers in Apple Inc, stated that they have often asked to cross functional activities which are out of their working area. For instance according to case study, an input manager commented that he is involved in many of the cross functional activities, one day he may asked to involve in industrial design, another day he may asked to involve in the product design and software engineering. These kind of cross functionality will make the employees to work and enhance knowledge in different fields, also they may not be stick in position they will always be creative and active. At the same time the organization will allocate a smooth operation in regards human resource management, it may not stuck if one or more employees are off or on holidays, someone can ea sily cover up the situations. Bonus and Benefits The benefits in Apple Inc are differs from locations to locations and it is also depends on the employment status. The company has taken number of steps to make the employees feel good about the benefits offered by the company. The companies benefit programs starts with the insurance coverage schemes, also they initiated Flexible spending accounts, employees stock purchase program, 401 saving and investment plan, product discounts for the staffs, on site fitness programs also they offered the opportunities to work in big projects where extra bonu is offered. As discussed the bonus and benefits somewhat depends on the performance, in the year 1995 Apple Inc has designed and implemented a program called Apple Fellow Program. The main aim of the program is to identify the best performer and from which employee the company has received extra ordinary contribution. The Fellow program winners used to be the leader and they can guide other for companys progress activities. In return the company offered the Flexi benefit program to its staffs. Also the studies and researches shows that Apple Inc had given free Iphones to its staffs after the unique mobile phone has launched in the industry. Opportunities and Job Securities Career opportunities are very wide in Apple Inc, as it recognized as an innovator the employee are having wide range of opportunities to prove their caliber and can build their career on a performance wise. Also Apple Inc conducting many internship programs which allow the employees to gain the thorough knowledge in different fields. The employees working with Apple Inc is coming out with a great confidence. According to Maslows pyramid after basic need of human it very essential that employees feel job security. In case of Apple Inc it is not only a job security, in Apple Incs words the company is not providing employment security but it is providing employability security. The people coming out from Apple Inc is highly demanded, employers are happy offer opportunities for this candidates. Employers worldwide are well aware that these candidates have a wide range experience and they can cope up with any organizational culture. They expect a strong contribution from these candidates. Unique Corporate Culture The organizational culture at Apple is highly focused on the jobs and innovation, may CEQs came and made some changes in the culture, but over the time the ultimate corporate culture is totally focused on innovation and the jobs done. They are enjoying an informal culture at the same time they have employed very strong deadlines and making the employees to have clear focus on the objectives. The founder Jobs did contributed the best of to make this Unique culture possible for this company. Many of other multinational firms are adopting this kind of organizational culture. The difference between these companies and Apple Inc is that the other companies will be more flexible and they might lose the focus and they wont be strict on the deadline like Apple Inc. On the other hand Apple Inc is maintaining the informal culture and task oriented culture but at the same time they are very much focused on the objectives and tasks and they have very strong deadline with no compromise. The corporate culture of Apple Inc, is making the employees or it is encouraging the employees to make something Insanely Great and the CEO Jobs said to be the founder of this culture. As discussed earlier many CEOs came and altered the organizational corporate culture, but at the end of the day Jobs came and restructured the culture, after he has come back he realized that the company is lacking their original culture which was at time he was the CEO. Experts opinioned and stated the result of this change is Imac. What is bad at Apples, Inc Lack of transparency of information Apple Inc is recognized as an innovator and the products they are offering to the market is unique and high standard. There is secret behavior has maintained from the beginning of the business. In a way it is acceptable that company is mainly focused on Innovations therefore a secrecy in information is necessary, but may reports shows that the secrecy somehow making trouble for smooth operation of the company. Their tight control over the information caused many troubles; even it had led an employee to commit suicide in China. Though they have not affected by the recession, considering future growth of the company transparency of information is necessary. Transparency of information helps the investors as well as the stake holders. Many of the multinational companies showing keen interest in making the information available to the public, but at Apple Inc secrecy is there part of the corporate culture. Reports show that the many of the product launches are surprising the staffs, because it is kept secret, only the product developer and the senior management are aware of the product. But thinking globally many great ideas and suggestions can come out from the internal staffs, especially from the marketing team, because they are the have the clear picture of market needs and wants. Even the managers used to make wrong information product even during the meetings. Dysfunctional culture There are assumptions many times that Apple Incs corporate culture moved to dysfunctional. There are cases reported that many talented people they left the company because they could not adjust and adopt the unique culture of the company. According to the case study vice president is enjoying a greater power in the company. Analysts pointed out that the company has less feeling towards relationship with the employees but they strictly focused on the jobs. An incident reported that vice president hired people and assigned a pay scale twice than the senior employees working the firm. Unfair Promotions and compensations There are many cases that reports unfairness in promotion and analysts say that the employees are treated unfairly. This is mainly because of their unique corporate culture, as discussed earlier personal values have less important in Apple Inc they prefer jobs and innovations but at the same time they are creating a relaxed atmosphere for their employees. Also report says that only top executives are compensated and appreciated for jobs done. The employees claiming that even if they come out with new product, they dont get enough appreciation. Also the promotions are given depends on the interest of the managers. There are comments from employees that they are not given enough opportunities grow their career. Long Working Hours Apple Inc is always preferred hard working people in another word they prefer workaholic people who does not care about the working hours. An average working hours per week in Apple Inc is 60 to 70, which is more than the normal companies working hours. As we can see this will affect employees family life. The job is also bit stressed and the employees must be creative and enthusiastic all the time. For instance if an employee is working in the product development department for 60 to 70 hours per week continuously they might get over stressed, the particular department needs full concentration all the time he or she is working. There case that former employee sued Apple Inc for violating the labor law California, he complained that he used to work 7 days every six weeks. The company is also aware of that, there are cases after working these kinds of long hours the employees were in therapy. Highly Depending on Leadership Apple Inc is highly depending on the leadership, The CEO Jobs has very much influence on the corporate structure of Apple Inc. Analysts sees that without Job Apple will nothing other than a normal software company. Also analysts stated that the company will be struggling without Jobs. Looking into the theoretical side one can see that Job the CEO of playing both democratic and autocratic styles of leadership. In a way he is making an informal atmosphere and creative opportunities for his employees at the same time the company is very strict on the tasks and deadlines like a military camp. The information are very secret and the will not tolerate any leakage of the company information. The always kept a secret behavior. Conclusion Many of the issues have been discussed, it has been realized that Apple Inc as multinational company has a unique at the same very challenging corporate culture. Many supporters have wrote and many companies are trying to adopt this culture, also many studies shows some of the major draw backs of Apple Incs corporate culture. The study realized that the culture has both advantages and disadvantages, the capacity of innovating unique and high standard products the company attract more talented people in to their business, the younger generation will love to work with as they can learn something every day also they can expose themselves. On the other hand there are some major draw backs, they have no transparency of information also they have long working hours compared to another companies. With some changes the corporate culture of Apple Inc can be the best in the world. Recommendations There are major issues that the company can change, they are as follows: The information can be more transparent, the investor and stake holder are always seeking transparent information. Also it can help to improve product quality and can get tremendous ideas and suggestions from the co workers. Transparency of information will help the company to know better the needs and wants of the market. The long working hours can be changed, maximum of 40 hours working hours will help the employee to relax, a relaxed mind can produce greater idea than a stressed and week mind. Having multiple senior executives will allow the company to continue their activities, eve if one senior executive left the organisation. All the employee should be treated same, equality is another great fact for the success of an organization, more talented people will be attracted to organisation. Job appreciation will encourage the employees to work more committed and task oriented.